Proton Pump Inhibitors vs. H-2 Receptor Blockers
Written by Sai Koppada
In the medical world, Proton Pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H-2 receptor blockers are often confused, despite being distinctly different medications used to treat acid-related conditions. These drugs are commonly used to treat illnesses such as GERD, ulcers, and chronic heartburn. GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a chronic condition where stomach acid leaks into the esophagus, causing irritation, inflammation, and ulcers. For this condition, the recommended form of treatment is Proton Pump inhibitors. Ulcers are sores that develop along the lining of the stomach and small intestine when the protective layer of mucus along the stomach becomes eroded exposing the underlying tissues. This condition is generally treated through the use of both PPL’s and H-2 blockers. Other common conditions that are treated using these drugs are Chronic heartburn, a condition characterized by a burning sensation in the chest and a symptom of GERD, and Esophagitis which is defined by inflammation of the esophagus lining and is another symptom of acid reflux.
Though all these conditions are treated using Proton Pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H-2 receptor blockers, it is essential to understand the difference between the 2 medications as each one performs a different action, targets different aspects of the stomach, and is used for different levels of intensity.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are drugs that reduce gastric acid production in the body. They block proton pumps and stop the stomach from excreting hydrochloric acid. This helps decrease the amount of acid in the stomach and lowers the chance of the acid entering other organs in conditions like GERD.
H-2 Blockers are medications that target the histamine and H2 receptors in the stomach. These receptors are responsible for controlling and stimulating acid secretion in the stomach, so by turning these receptors off, they help reduce the amount of acid production in the body.
Not understanding the difference between the 2 drugs or improper use of them can lead to many complications. Overuse or prolonged use of PPIs can lead to problems in calcium absorption consequently leading to poor bone health and increased susceptibility to fractures. They can also increase the user’s risk of chronic kidney disease and heighten the risk of contracting certain infections. Additionally, because PPIs inhibit proton pumps not only in the stomach but potentially throughout the body, they may cause other side effects as well. Overuse or prolonged use of H-2 blockers can lead to problems such as abdominal pain, fatigue, and diarrhea, and in a small number of cases, it was also found to affect the nervous system in individuals who were classified as high-risk patients. The misuse of either drug can create side effects and more discomfort for the user. When the wrong medication is used it can cause the patient's condition to worsen and risks putting the patient in even more danger.
It is essential to understand the difference between the two treatments to select an appropriate medication that effectively addresses the specific condition and its severity. Understanding these differences ensures that patients receive efficient treatment and helps minimize side effects.
References
“What Are the Side Effects of Proton PUMP Inhibitors?” Verywell Health, www.verywellhealth.com/side-effects-of-proton-pump-inhibitors-1742874#:~:text=While%20most%20of%20the%20side%20effects%20are%20mild. Accessed 29 July 2024.
“What Are H2 Blockers?” Cleveland Clinic, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/h2-blockers.
“H2 Blockers.” Patient.info, patient.info/digestive-health/indigestion-medication/h2-blockers#side-effects-of-h-2-blockers. Accessed 29 July 2024.
Written by Sai Koppada from MEDILOQUY