Alzheimer's Disease
Written by Darshana Srivatsan
Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative neurological condition that results in the death and degeneration of brain cells. It is the most frequent cause of dementia, a condition marked by a persistent loss of social, behavioral, and cognitive abilities. Disorientation and memory loss are among the initial signs. As the illness worsens, speaking, swallowing, walking, and severe memory loss are among the symptoms that may appear. It is the most prevalent type of dementia and mainly affects older persons. Since most people diagnosed are 65 years of age or older, age is the major risk factor. Genetics and family history also come into play. Head injuries, cardiovascular disease, and lifestyle choices including inactivity and poor diet are additional risk factors. As the illness worsens, people may have significant impairments in their ability to go about their regular lives.
Although the precise etiology is unknown, a mix of lifestyle, environmental, and genetic variables are involved. The accumulation of tau tangles and amyloid plaques in the brain are important characteristics. The buildup of tau tangles and amyloid plaques in the brain, which causes neuronal loss and damage, is indicative of the disease. Disorientation, confusion, and short-term memory problems are common early signs. Ongoing research is being done on the origins, course, and possible therapies of Alzheimer's disease, with an emphasis on both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological approaches. A patient's medical history, physical and neurological examinations, mental status tests, and brain imaging are all used to identify Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's has no known cure, however, there are therapies that can help control the symptoms. Memantine and other cholinesterase inhibitor medications may be helpful.
References
"Alzheimer's Disease." Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2023, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimersdisease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350453. Accessed 9 Aug. 2024.
Written by Darshana Srivatsan from MEDILOQUY